Blurred vision or visual loss in one or both eyes, which may be sudden in onset or progressive, visual field defects of sudden or progressive onset, double vision of sudden onset, and disorders of eye movement or sudden drooping of the eyelids are important symptoms to note. These may also be associated with headache accompanied by signs of raised intracranial pressure such as tinnitus, vomiting, and transient visual blurring, ocular movement disorders with gait abnormalities, or headache due to migraine, stress, cluster headache, and related conditions. Other concerning manifestations include transient visual loss, facial paralysis, and abnormal involuntary movements of the eyes and face.

Optic neuropathies: Diseases affecting the optic nerve like optic neuritis, ischemic optic neuropathy, autoimmune optic neuropathy, compressive optic neuropathy, nutritional optic neuropathy, toxic optic neuropathy.

Demyelination disorders: affecting the visual pathway formed by the optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tract and optic radiations.

Cerebrovascular disorders with visual loss, transient ischemic attacks with transient visual loss.

Ocular motility disorders characterized by partial of complete inability to move either one or both the eyes due to central and peripheral nervous system diseases like myasthenia gravis and ocular motor cranial nerve palsies following trauma (injury), tumours, ischemia due to systemic diseases like hypertension or diabetes mellitus.

Tumours: like pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, meningioma causing compressive optic neuropathy which cause a direct pressure on the optic nerve and other tumours of the brain affecting the visual pathway and cause of raised intracranial pressure.